Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation (CPR)
Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation (CPR) is a life-saving emergency procedure performed on individuals who are in cardiac arrest, meaning their heart has stopped beating or is beating ineffectively, and they are not breathing. CPR is designed to maintain blood circulation and oxygenation to vital organs until advanced medical care can be administered.
CPR consists of several key components, including chest compressions, rescue breaths (if trained to do so), and the use of an automated external defibrillator (AED) if one is available. Here's an overview of the steps involved in performing CPR:
Check for Safety: Before approaching the victim, ensure the scene is safe for both you and the victim. Look for potential dangers, such as electrical hazards, traffic, or other threats. Take appropriate precautions to protect yourself.
Assess Responsiveness: Approach the victim and assess their responsiveness by tapping them gently and shouting loudly to check for any response. If the victim is unresponsive and not breathing or not breathing normally, consider it a cardiac arrest.
Activate Emergency Response: If others are present, instruct someone to call 911 or your local emergency number to request professional medical assistance. If you are alone, call for help after initiating CPR.
Perform Chest Compressions:
Position the victim on their back on a firm surface.
Place the heel of one hand on the center of the victim's chest, just below the nipple line.
Place the other hand on top of the first hand, interlocking your fingers.
Use your upper body weight to compress the chest at least 2 inches (5 cm) deep at a rate of approximately 100-120 compressions per minute.
Allow the chest to fully recoil between compressions.
Provide Rescue Breaths (If Trained):
After 30 chest compressions, provide two rescue breaths. Open the victim's airway by tilting their head back and lifting the chin. Pinch the victim's nose shut, create an airtight seal over their mouth, and give a breath that makes the chest visibly rise.
Continue with cycles of 30 chest compressions and two rescue breaths.
Use an Automated External Defibrillator (AED) (If Available): If an AED is on hand, follow its voice prompts for attaching the electrode pads and delivering shocks if necessary.
Continue CPR: Continue the cycle of chest compressions and rescue breaths until the victim starts breathing on their own, professional help arrives, or you are too exhausted to continue. Regularly check for signs of life and adjust your efforts accordingly.
CPR should be administered as soon as possible after recognizing a cardiac arrest, as every minute without CPR decreases the chances of survival. Immediate intervention can make a significant difference in a victim's outcome. CPR training is widely available and is recommended for individuals to learn these life-saving skills. Certification courses, often including hands-on practice with manikins, are offered by organizations like the American Heart Association and the Red Cross.
